Hatma Suryotrisongko, Novi Riyan Sari and Fazeela Az-Zahra

byooin = hospital
byoin = beauty salon

# While (V nagara)
“main job in the back”
ongaku o kikinagara

# have been (V ta koto ga arimasu)
watashi wa nihon no ryoori o tabeta koto ga arimasu

rain = ame
drunk = yappari
place = tokoro
tired = tsukaremasu
hungry = onaka ga tsukimasu
bored = taikattara

# Opinion (to omoimasu)
A: do omoimasu ka?
B: kono manga wa omoshiroi / kireida to omoimasu

Form:
- ks na -> da

# Invite (V o)
ikimasu = iko
tabemashou

# If (V ta -> ra)
watashi wa nihon 2 ittawa , kimono o kaimasu

kyomputa 0 kattara, hitech mall e itta hoo ga ii to omoimasu
okane ga arimasenkara, yasukunakattara kaimasen/ takakattara kaimasen
genki dattara, takusan tabemasu

# simpletion (V ta ri)
takusan wa hataraitari, happoshitari, biiru o nonderi shimasu

senior = senpai
yunior = kohai
kono aida = recently
fun = tanoshii
packingu shimasu / katazakemasu
arrive = tsukimasu
like = suki
now = saikin
kraton = shinro
speech = supijii
Hai / ee / un

A: kono aida doomo arigato gozaimasu
A: tottemo tanoshikatta/oishikatta desu

# Before (Vkamus + maeni)
watashi wa asagohan o taberu maeni kusuri o nomimasu.
te o aratte kudasai (wash your hand please)

take money at ATM = okane o dashimasu
take money at bank = okane o oroshimasu

# Pupose (V+ni)
kyassukaado okane o dashini ikimasu
ryoori o tsukurimasu

# hobby (syumi) (Vkamus + koto desu)
watashi no syumi wa ryokoo o suru koto desu

# Able (Vkamus + koto ga dekimasu
hiragana o yomu koto ga dekimasu
cotto cake nihonngo de hanashu koto ga dekimasu

# Sentence structure resume

1. V kamus + mae ni (before)
2. V kamus + koto desu (hobby)
3. V kamus + koto ga dekimasu (able)
4. V te, V te (sequence)
5. V te kara (after)
6. V te mo ii desu (allow)
7. V te wa ikemasen (not allow)
8. V te kudasai (please)
9. V te imasu (on action)
10. V nai de kudasai (no!)
11. V na kereba narimasen (must!)
12. V ta hoo ga ii desu (advise do)
13. V nai hoo ga ii desu (advise do not)

# Must (V+na kereba narimasen)
kakimasu = kakana kereba narimasen
pray = oinori
seek = sagashimasu
collect = watashimasu
boarding house = geshuku

Watashi wa repooto o watasinakereba narimasen.

# Advise (NOT to do= V+nai hoo ga ii desu; to do= V+ta hoo ga ii desu)
anata wa tabako o suwanai hoo ga ii desu.
ichinichi wa nankai tabeta hoo ga ii desu.

Soon = hayaku

# Irregular Verb
V1 okimasu (put) oite okanai
V2 okimasu (wake up) okite okanai
V1 kirimasu (cut) kitte kiranai
V2 kimasu (use) kite kinai
v3 kimasu (come) kite konai

use hat = kaburimasu
use shirt/jacket = kimasu
use pants/skirt = hakimasu
use computer = tsukaimasu
use eyeglass = kakemasu

sound = koe
ookii koe de hanashite kudasai
hard = katai
say = iimasu = itte

# Forbidden (casual= V+nai ; formal= V+masen)
V1 (i)
kirimasu = kiranai
kaimasu = kawanai
machimasu = matanai
V2
tabemasu = tabenai
mimasu = minai
nemasu = nemai
V3
kimasu = konai
shimasu = shinai

Biiru o nominai de kudasai
abunai desu kara, umi de suiei o shinai kudasai
Moslem desu kara, butaniku o tabete wa ikemasen.
O-sake 0 nonde wa ikemasen

# Dictionary (V+u)
V1
kakimasu = kaku
V2 (..masu)
tabemasu = taberu
mimasu = miru
nemasu = neru
V3
kimasu = kuru
shimasu = suru

# Past (casual= V+ta  ; formal= V+mashita)
dangerous = abunai
sea = umi

# and then.. (V+te kara)
nihongo o benkyoshite kara, kyanpasu e ikimasu
graduation = sotsu yoo shimasu
to enter = iremasu
Teepu rekooda no tsukaikata ga wakarimasen
please teach me = Oshiete kudasai
firstly = mau
but = densen

# Then.. Then.. (V+te, V+te,..)
mazu densen o irete, suicchi o oshite,
tsugini (next) konoboota o oshite, teepu o irete shimemasu
seigoni (last) play no botan (botton) ooshi kudasai
push = oshimasu

A: koko ni namae/jusho (address) kakite kudasai
B: Hai wakatta. yonde kudasai. chekko (cek) shite kudasai. naoshite kudasai

tsukue ue ni hon ga arimasu
kyoshitsu no naka de benkyoshimasu

A: may i help you : tetsu dai moshoo ka
B: hai onegaishimasu / hai tetsu datte kudasai

turn on (electronic/machine) = tsukemasu
use = tsukaimasu

# Permit = V+te moo ii desu
# forbidden = V+te wa ikimasen
may I = moo ii desu ka?
A: Anoo, kono pasokon o tsukatte mo ii desu ka?
B: hai, ii desu yo. tsukatte kudasai
sumimasen, watashi wa kono pasokon o tsukatte imasu kara, sono pasokon o tsukatte kudasai

denwa o kakette mo ii desu ka?
A: kyooshitsu de tabete mo ii desu ka?
B: Iie, tabete wa ikemasen. Asatte wa ikemasen. ashita atsumatte kudasai

homework = shukudai
collect = atsumatte
enter = hairimasu
sandal = sandaru
use = hakimasu = haite
discipline = kibishii
stop = tomemasu

A: okurete sumimasen
B: daijobu desu. doshite desu ka?
A: meru o henji shimasu kara

sale = seru
discount = diskonto/warikibi
any else = hokari
Hokari desu ka? Iie kekko desu
not too = amari
seminar = zemi
just = dake
participant = sankahito
cleaning = sooji oshimasu

# Purpose (V+ni)
watashi wa kyooto e ginza o mini ikitai desu
wallet = saifu
research = kenkyu
just a little = chotto dake
training = kenshu
watashi wa CLC e nihongo o benkyooshini
nihon e kompyuta no benkyoshini ikimasu

# While doing something (V+te imasu)
# Please do something (V+te kudasai)
V1 (i/chi/ri) = V+tte
kaimasu = katte
machimasu = matte
kaerimasu = katte
V1 (bi/mi/ni) = V+nde
asobimasu (play) = asonde
yomimasu = yonde
shinimasu (dead) = shinde
V1 (ki) = V+ite
kakimasu = kaite
kikimasu = kitte
hatarakimasu = hataraite
V1 (gi) = V+ide
oyogimasu (swim) = oyoide
V2
abemasu = abete
nemasu = nete
mimasu = mite
V3
kimasu = kite
shimasu = kite

yukkuri hanashite kudasai
mou ichido itte kudasai

A: ashita doko e ikimasu ka?
B: ashita doko mo ikimasen.

A: Nani o tabemashita ka?
B: Nani mo tabemasen deshita. Okane ga arimasen kara, nan mo kaimasen deshita.

switch = suitchi A: ashita doko e ikimasu ka?
B: ashita doko mo ikimasen.

A: Nani o tabemashita ka?
B: Nani mo tabemasen deshita. Okane ga arimasen kara, nan mo kaimasen deshita.

switch = suitchi
door = dou
refrigerator = reizoko
various things = iroiro na mono
day = nichi
hour = ji
minute = pun
week = Shuuka
month = kagetsu
year = nen
1chi nichi ni 24kan desu
Nan pun? Nan ji? Nan nichi? Nan shuuka? Nanka getsu?
Dono gurai benkyoo shimasuka? 2nen gurai
Ichi nichi 3kai tabemasu
watashi wa 2kai repooto o kakimasu
orange = mika
morethan = yori
more = hoo
ringo to mika to dochira ga suki desu. ringo wa mikan yori suki desu
ringo no hoo ga suki desu

A: supootsu de nani ga ichiban joozu desu ka?
B: supootsu de nani ga ichiban joozu desu.

kudamono de banana ga ichiban suki desu.
very = yappari
surabaya de ITS ga ichiban omoshiroi takoro desu.
not yet = mada
Iie, mada mada desu.

A: Ii omiyage desu ka?
B: batik desu
door = dou
refrigerator = reizoko
various things = iroiro na mono
day = nichi
hour = ji
minute = pun
week = Shuuka
month = kagetsu
year = nen
1chi nichi ni 24kan desu
Nan pun? Nan ji? Nan nichi? Nan shuuka? Nanka getsu?
Dono gurai benkyoo shimasuka? 2nen gurai
Ichi nichi 3kai tabemasu
watashi wa 2kai repooto o kakimasu
orange = mika
morethan = yori
more = hoo
ringo to mika to dochira ga suki desu. ringo wa mikan yori suki desu
ringo no hoo ga suki desu

A: supootsu de nani ga ichiban joozu desu ka?
B: supootsu de nani ga ichiban joozu desu.

kudamono de banana ga ichiban suki desu.
very = yappari
surabaya de ITS ga ichiban omoshiroi takoro desu.
not yet = mada
Iie, mada mada desu.

A: Ii omiyage desu ka?
B: batik desu

# Position
up = ue
down = shita
front = mae
back = ushiro
middle/inside = naka
outside = soto
beside = tonari
right = migi
left = hidari
between = aida
… Repooto wa doko ni arimasu ka?
…… repooto wa tsukue no uni arimasu
…… kyanpasu no heya no tsukue no ue ni ga arimasu

# Vocabulary
cook = ryoori
stomach = onaka
have = arimasu/imasu
… tsukue no ue ni borupen ga arimasu
… borupen wa tsukue no ue ni arimasu
poster = poseto
lamp = denki
eraser = kesimono
… Heya no naka ni nani ga arimasu?
…… tsukue ya, isu ya, pasokon ya, purinta noodo ga arimasu ( —ya —ya — nodo ga arimasu)
… tsukue ga arimasu ka?
… hai arimasu / iie arimasen
tree = ki
flower = tori
cat = neko
wall = kabe
box = hakko
ball = boru
ghost = obake (imasu)
round table = tebuuru
boy = otokonoko
girl = onnanoko
men = ototokunohito
women = onnanohito
floor = yukka
book shelf = hondana
tie = nekutai
glasses = megane
stamp = kitte
… Otokonoko wa onnanoko to inu no aida ni imasu
dog = inu
family = kazoka
parents = ryoshin
force = muri
lab = erueru / kenkyushitsu / LL
fan = senpuki

# unit
for machine/electical device (hp, tv, car, etc) = +dai
for stamp, shirt, CD, postcard = +mai
for person = +nin (except 1=hitori, 2=futari)
for pen, cigarette = ++hon (except 1=ippon, 2=nihon, 3=sanbon)
Question = nan+dai/mai/nin/etc…
… Shinbun wa yukka ni Nan mai arimasuka?

to order food/drinks, shopping, fruit, etc =
1 = hitatsu
2 = futatsu
3 = mittsu
4 = yottsu
5 = itsutsu
6 = muttsu
7 = wanatsu
8 = yattsu
9 = kokonotsu
10 = too
… 100en no kitte o 5mai kaimasu (or kudasai).

12 months = 12 kagetsu
month 12 (dec) = 12 gatsu